Dam construction is a crucial pillar of water resources management, flood control, and electricity supply worldwide. Due to their technical and economic characteristics, earth and rockfill dams are regarded as primary options for water projects, particularly in regions with open and expansive valleys. These types of dams are primarily composed of natural materials such as soil and gravel. Their flexibility and high capacity to withstand water pressure allow them to be designed for various geographical and climatic conditions.

In light of climate change and water scarcity affecting numerous regions worldwide, the implementation of effective irrigation and drainage systems can have a profound effect on agricultural yields and the preservation of soil health. These systems facilitate the uniform distribution of water via irrigation channels or pipelines across fields, while also preventing water from pooling on the surface.

Hydroelectric power plants are among the most crucial sources of renewable energy, significantly contributing to the electricity demands of modern society. These facilities harness mechanical energy from flowing water to generate electrical energy. As water is a renewable and sustainable resource, hydroelectric power plants play a vital role in lessening our reliance on fossil fuels and mitigating environmental pollution.

Ensuring the reliable performance and operation of structures throughout their lifespan is essential, especially considering the potentially severe costs and damages that can result from structural failures. The behavior and remediation of dams and geotechnical structures are particularly critical, as these infrastructures play vital roles in water resource management, flood control, and energy supply.